|
756
- Death of King Cuthred of Wessex. He is succeeded by his distant kinsman,
Sigeberht. King Edbert of Northumbria and King Angus I of the Picts
successfully besiege King Dumnagual of Strathclyde at Dumbarton. However,
Edbert's entire force is subsequently wiped out, probably by the Britons,
at the Battle of Newburgh-on-Tyne. 757
- King Aethelbald of Mercia is murdered by his own household in a dynastic
coup by one Beornred. He is buried at Repton. King Beornred is quickly
ousted by Aethelbald's distant cousin, Offa. In the meantime, Mercian
supremacy over Southern England is lost. King Sigeberht of Wessex acts
unjustly and is removed from power by a council of nobles, in favour of
his distant kinsman, Cynewulf. Sigeberht is given control of Hampshire,
probably as ealdorman; but he murders one of his own men and is driven out
and eventually suffers the same fate. First written record of the county
of Hampshire. 758
- King Edbert of Northumbria abdicates in favour of his son, Oswulf. He
becomes a monk at York. Death of King Swithred of Essex. He is succeeded
by Sigeric I, son of the late King Saelred. c.758
- King Cynewulf of Wessex retakes Berkshire from the Mercians. Death of
King Beorna of East Anglia. Apparent succession of Prince Aethelred, a
descendant of King Redwald of East Anglia, as King. 759
- King Oswulf of Northumbria is murdered by his own household at Methel
Wongtun. The Deiran patrician, Aethelwald Moll, who probably conspired in
the regicide, seizes the throne. He may have been a descendant of King
Oswin of Deira. 760
- The Battle of Hereford is fought probably between the Mercians and the
Kingdom of Brycheiniog under King Nowy Hen. c.760
- Building work, under Abbot Guba expands the Abbey Church at Glastonbury.
761
- King Aethelwald Moll of Northumbria faces a rebellion under a rival
claimant to the throne named Oswin. The latter is defeated after the three
day Battle of Eildon. 762
- Death of King Aethelbert II of Kent. His nephew, King Edbert of West
Kent, possibly rules all Kent for a time. Sigered, probably an East Saxon,
succeeds in West Kent. Death of King Edbert also, followed by the
establishment of Enmund as King of Kent. King Aethelwald Moll of
Northumbria marries his queen, Aethelthrith, at Catterick. 764
- King Offa of Mercia brings an end to the rule of Kings Enmund and
Sigered of Kent. He imposes Mercian overlordship on the kingdom, but
allows a local king, Heabert, to rule there. Death of ex-King Ceolwulf of
Northumbria. He is buried at Lindisfarne Priory and later revered as a
saint. 765
- King Heabert of Kent is joined in ruling Kent by King Aethelbert II's
son, Egbert II. King Aethelwald Moll of Northumbria is deposed at
Pincanheale, possibly by at a gathering of his own magnates. He enters a
monastery. The throne is taken by Elchred, a distant cousin of the late
King Oswulf. c.765
- Building of the Northumbrian Cathedral at Whithorn. 768
- Death of the former King Edbert of Northumbria. In an attempt to
strengthen his position, King Elchred of Northumbria marries Princess
Osgyfu, daughter of the late King Oswulf of Northumbria. c.770
- King Elchred of Northumbria takes an interest in continental missionary
activities and sends Willehad to Frisia. 771
- King Offa of Mercia defeats the Haestingas and joins their little region
to his sub-kingdom of Sussex. 772
- Possible deposition of King Egbert II of Kent with subsequent direct
rule from Mercia. 773
- King Elchred of Northumbria makes overtures of friendship toward King
Charlemagne of the Franks. 774
- Unrest in the Northumbrian Church appears to lead to the expulsion of
King Elchred who is driven from York. He sails from Bamburgh into exile
amongst the Picts. He is replaced by Aethelred I, the eleven year old son
of the late King Aethelwald Moll of Northumbria. 776
- King Egbert II of Kent defeats the Mercians at the Battle of Otford and
re-asserts himself as King of Kent. 778
- Unrest in Northumbria leads to King Aethelred I ordering the execution
of three of his Duces. This considerably weakens his position. 779
- Offa, King of Mercia, becomes "King of All England". Offa
defeats King Cynewulf of Wessex at the Battle of Bensington and seizes
control of Berkshire, and probably London as well. Death of King Aethelred
of East Anglia. He is succeeded by his son, Aethelbert. King Aethelred I
of Northumbria is driven from the kingdom by Prince Aelfwald, son of the
late King Oswulf who takes the throne as Aelfwald I. c.780
- The rise of Aldwich as an important trading centre under Mercian
control. King Offa of Mercia possibly establishes a Royal Palace at
Aldermanbury, on the site of the old Roman Cripplegate fort and
Amphitheatre. 781
- The King Charlemagne of the Franks summons the monk and scholar Alcuin
of York to head the palace school at Aachen. 784
- Construction of Offa's Dyke, the artificial bank and ditch boundary
between England and Wales, is begun at the command of King Offa of Mercia.
Prince Elmund of Wessex appears as King of Kent, possibly as a
joint-monarch in some sort of alliance with his brother-in-law, King
Egbert II. 785
- King Offa of Mercia re-asserts his control of Kent, deposes King Egbert
II and establishes direct Mercian rule. Egbert's brother, Prince Edbert
Praen flees to the Court of King Charlemagne of the Franks and enters holy
orders. 786
- The Yorkist scholar Alcuin accompanies the Papal Legates, Bishops George
of Ostia and Theophylact of Todi, from France to the Mercian Royal Court.
King Aelfwald I of Northumbria also receives Bishop George at a
Northumbrian ecclesiastical council. The exiled Wessex noble, Cyneheard,
brother of the late King Sigeberht of Wessex, ambushes King Cynewulf of
Wessex while he is at Meretun with his mistress, and kills him. He is
buried at Winchester. The Wessex nobles refuse to recognise Cyneheard as
king. They execute him and, through the support of King Offa of Mercia,
elect one Beortric instead. Cyneheard is buried at Axminster. Beortric's
rival claimant to the Wessex throne, a very distant nephew of the late
King Ine named Egbert, is driven across the Channel. Egbert settles at the
Court of King Charlemagne of the Franks. 787
- Kings Offa of Mercia and Beortric of Wessex call the Synod of Chelsea,
which is attended by the Papal Legate. There, Offa persuades the Papacy to
grant Archiepiscopal status to the Mercian See of Lichfield. Bishop
Higebert is thus elevated and given control of Hereford, Worcester,
Leicester, Lindsey, Dunwich and Elmham, as well as Lichfield. In order to
secure the Royal succession, Offa has Higebert crown his son, Egfrith,
King of Mercia within his father's own lifetime, possibly at Brixworth.
Offa founds Winchcombe Abbey. Archbishop Jaenberht of Canterbury is
alienated from Mercia. 789
- Assassination of King Aelfwald I of Northumbria, probably at Chesters,
at the instigation of Patrician Siga. He is buried at Hexham Abbey and his
sons, Oelf and Oelfwin, seek sanctuary in York Minster. The son of the
late King Elchred is installed as King Osred II of Northumbria. The
Vikings attack Britain for the first time with three ships raiding
Portland. Thinking them to be peaceful traders, High-Reeve Beaduheard of
Dorchester rides out to greet them and his killed. King Beortric of Wessex
marries Princess Edburga, daughter of King Offa of Mercia, and accepts
Mercian overlordship. 790
- King Aethelred I returns to Northumbria, captures King Osred II, forces
him to become a monk and ejects him from the kingdom. He flees to the Isle
of Man. Aethelred then faces a rebellion by a rival, named Erdwulf. The
latter is captured and hanged outside the gates to Ripon Abbey. The body
is taken into the Abbey where Erdwulf recovers and escapes to exile. King
Charlemagne of the Franks begins to nurture Northumbrian friendship in
order to circumscribe the power of King Offa of Mercia. c.790
- King Offa of Mercia takes control of East Anglia. King Aethelbert mints
his own coins in defiance of his overlord. 791
- Princes Oelf and Oelfwin of Northumbria are persuaded to leave their
sanctuary in York Minster and are immediately forcibly drowned in
Wonwaldremere at the instigation of King Aethelred I. 792
- King Aethelred I of Northumbria marries Princess Aelfflaed, daughter of
King Offa of Mercia, at Catterick. Unrest in Northumbria tempts the exiled
King Osred II back to his kingdom from the Isle of Man. His supporters
dessert him and he is killed by King Aethelred's men at Aynburg. He is
buried at Tynemouth Priory. King Offa of Mercia arranges coastal defences
to fend off Viking attacks. 793
- Vikings attack Britain in a surprise raid on the monastic community at
Lindisfarne Priory. 794
- King Aethelbert of East Anglia visits the Royal Mercian Court at Sutton
Walls, with a view to marrying Princess Elfthryth. Her father, King Offa
of Mercia, already unhappy with Aethelbert's rejection of his overlordship,
has him executed, supposedly after the wicked Queen Cynethryth of Mercia
accuses Aethelbert of making advances towards her. He is buried at Marden
and later revered as a saint. East Anglia ruled directly from Mercia. 795
- King Offa of Mercia receives gifts from King Charlemagne of the Franks.
Offa re-founds St. Albans Abbey, supposedly in thanks for overrunning East
Anglia. 796
- King Offa of Mercia and King Charlemagne of the Franks seal a trading
agreement and a marriage alliance is proposed. However, King Offa dies
soon afterward. He is buried at Bedford and succeeded for a short time by
his son, Egfrith, and then a distant cousin, Coenwulf. Prince Edbert Praen
leaves the church, returns to Kent and claims his throne. One Edwald
proclaims himself King of East Anglia, but is later ousted by King
Coenwulf of Mercia. Direct rule from Mercia is re-established. King
Aethelred I of Northumbria is murdered, probably at Corbridge, by his
Ealdormen, Eldred and Wada. Ealdorman Torhtmund slays Eldred in revenge. The kingdom is plunged into confusion. The
Patrician Osbald is placed on the throne, but is deserted by his
supporters after only twenty-seven days. He flees from Lindisfarne to
Pictland. Another faction, brings back King Aethelred I's old
back-from-the-dead rival, Erdwulf, as King. King Erdwulf dismisses his
wife and publicly takes a concubine. He is alienated from Archbishop
Eanbald II of Canterbury. King Coenwulf of Mercia gives protection to
Erdwulf's enemies. The Yorkist Scholar, Alcuin, is made Abbot of
Saint-Martin in Tours by King Charlemagne of the Franks. 797
- King Coenwulf of Mercia tries to re-assert his domination of North-East
Wales. He clashes with Welsh forces, including those of Powys and Dyfed,
at the Battle of Rhuddlan. King Maredydd of Dyfed is killed in the
fighting. The Mercians push on westward. 798
- The Mercians of King Coenwulf invade Gwynedd and kill King Caradog of
that country in Snowdonia. The Mercians also defeat and capture King
Edbert Praen of Kent. King Coenwulf of Mercia introduces his brother,
Cuthred, as a sub-King of Kent. King Sigeric I of Essex abdicates and
departs for Rome. His son, Sigered, takes the throne. Ealdorman Wada
attempts to return King Osbald to the Northumbrian throne. The Yorkist
Abbot Alcuin of Saint-Martin, Tours writes to the exiled Osbald in order
to dissuade him. Wada is defeated by King Erdwulf of Northumbria at the
Battle of Billington Moor. 799
- Death of the former King Osbald of Northumbria as an Abbot in exile. He
is buried in York. King Erdwulf of Northumbria worried about further
rivals, has Ealdorman Moll, probably a relation of the late King
Aethelwald Moll, killed. 800
- King Erdwulf of Northumbria has his men seize Prince Ealhmund, son of
the late King Elchred, and put him to death. He is buried at Derby and
later revered as a saint. c.800
- Retirement of Archbishop Higebert of Lichfield. He is succeeded by
Aldwulf. King Coenwulf of Mercia is on better terms with the
Archiepiscopate of Canterbury than his predecessor, and unsuccessfully
attempts to have the Mercian Archiepiscopal See transferred to London. 801
- King Erdwulf of Northumbria invades Mercia in order to flush out his
enemies taking refuge there under King Coenwulf. After a long campaign the
nobles and Bishops on both sides negotiate a peace and the two Kings
confirm this under oath.
|
|
© Nash Ford Publishing 2001. All Rights Reserved. |